The process whereby genes produce certain proteins involves transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA is transferred to a molecule known as RNA, which is a ‘messenger’ for the genetic information. The mRNA has the ability to transfer outside the cell nucleus, and then travels to a ribosome.
In the cytoplasm, with involvement of ribosomes, translation occurs. The ribosomes ‘read’ the codes on the mRNA. Each three sets of bases are called a codon and code for an amino acid. Amino acids are the components of proteins. Transfer RNA builds the proteins, by adding on each amino acid until there is a sequence of three bases not coding for an acid.